On October 21, 2025, China’s Foreign Ministry called on Japan’s newly elected Prime Minister, Sanae Takaichi, to honor Tokyo’s longstanding commitments concerning Taiwan. The appeal underscores the delicate balance Japan must maintain in its foreign policy amid rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait.

Historical Context and Diplomatic Foundations

Japan’s position on Taiwan has been shaped by several key diplomatic documents. The 1972 Japan-China Joint Communiqué marked the normalization of diplomatic relations between the two nations. In this communiqué, Japan acknowledged China’s stance that Taiwan is an inalienable part of its territory, a position that has remained central to Beijing’s policy. Subsequent agreements, including the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China, have reinforced this understanding.

However, Japan’s interpretation has evolved. While officially recognizing the “One China” policy, Japan has maintained unofficial relations with Taiwan, including trade and cultural exchanges. This nuanced approach reflects Japan’s strategic interests and the complex regional dynamics.

China’s Recent Statement

Following Takaichi’s election, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun remarked that Beijing had “noted the result” and considered it Japan’s internal affair. He emphasized that China hopes Japan will “work with China in the same direction” and “abide by” its political commitments on major issues, including history and Taiwan. Guo reiterated China’s position that Taiwan is an inseparable part of its territory and expressed hope for the advancement of a mutually beneficial China-Japan strategic relationship.
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Implications for Japan’s Foreign Policy

Prime Minister Takaichi, a conservative nationalist, has previously expressed strong views on national security and regional stability. Her administration’s approach to Taiwan will be closely scrutinized by Beijing. Any actions perceived as deviating from Japan’s established commitments could strain bilateral relations and impact regional security dynamics.

Japan’s foreign policy is further complicated by its alliance with the United States, which has expressed concerns over China’s assertiveness in the Taiwan Strait. The U.S. maintains a policy of strategic ambiguity regarding Taiwan, providing support without formal recognition, which influences Japan’s security considerations.

Regional and Global Reactions

Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te congratulated Takaichi on her election, highlighting the strong and longstanding ties between Japan and Taiwan. He expressed hope for deeper collaboration in areas like trade, security, and technology.
Taiwan Presidential Office

Conversely, China’s call for Japan to uphold its commitments reflects ongoing tensions in the Taiwan Strait. Beijing has consistently warned against foreign interference in what it considers an internal matter. The international community watches closely, as any escalation could have significant implications for regional stability and global trade.

Conclusion

As Japan navigates its relationship with China under Prime Minister Takaichi’s leadership, it faces the challenge of balancing diplomatic commitments with national interests. The situation remains fluid, and Japan’s responses to China’s calls will be pivotal in shaping the future of cross-strait relations and broader East Asian security.